After writing all that about LOREG 5/1985 97.5 in the previous post, My agenda (i), on 97.5 and the destruction of ballots, I posted this on bicameralism in the Kingdom of Spain as a temptative text for the NYT on Sunday, November 3rd 2024, yesterday:
“For a number of reasons, I became interested in the electoral system and the structure of the legislative power in the Kingdom of Spain.
There’s a lot of noise recently about the opposition between the Senate, where el Partido Popular holds the majority, and the Government of Sanchez. The leader of el Partido Popular, Alberto Núñez Feijoo and his party as a whole, claim that the Government does not take the Upper Chamber, sufficiently into account. Sanchez makes every effort to get rid of its control, having to resort to strategies such as, recently, July 24th 2024, including the “parity law” last time provisions not related with its content, to reject the limits imposed by the Senators.
The Spanish Constitution of 1978 deals with the role of the Senate in Title III, De las Cortes Generales, “De las Cortes” and “De la elaboración de las leyes”, first and second chapters.
Art. 90.2 specifying the role of the Senate in the law-making process says that once approved by Congress, all bills must be sent to the Upper House so that, after deliberation, the Senate may either veto them or introduce amendments. But after that, the constituent grants the last word to the Congress empowering Deputees to either ratify the vetoed text, or to accept or reject the amendments.
90.2 thus attributes to the Senate a mere symbolic role.
In any case, it should be remembered that bicameralism in the Kingdom of Spain was not an option, it was an imperative imposed by the Law for Political Reform of 1976, which in the body of the text provides (art. 2:1) that the Cortes will be composed of a Congress and a Senate.
In 2006 I registered in the Ministry of Interior a sovereignist political party with the same statutes as the EAJ-PNV, a responsible of the Sabino Arana Foundation explained that they lacked Copyright, I intended to offer a sovereignist option for Galicia, UDNG, Union for a Democratic Nation at Galiza. We were very concerned about the law, the implementation of the party system in the Kingdom of Spain, and excellence, a word everyone employed then. Reading CE 99.2, reading the news, the continuous claims by el Partido Popular that its rulings are disregarded, watching the efforts by Sanchez to make real his project, I wonder if Alberto Nuñez Feijoo, el Partido Popular, as a bloc, even Sanchez, and the Spanish Socialist Workers Party, as a bloc, have ever read the Constitution; or if they are playing a good police and bad police play; or maybe we are all of us , a “trainload of fools bogged down in a magnetic field“, as 2016 Nobel Prize awarded Bob Dylan says in Señor, a song I love.
References : https://www.servimedia.es/…/congreso-aprueba…/1410212288
https://znetwork.org/author/fernando_santamaria-2/